Naya Rivera

Naya Marie Rivera (; January 12, 1987July 8, 2020) was an American actress, singer, and model. Recognized for her work on the popular musical comedy-drama series ''Glee'', she received various awards, including a Screen Actors Guild Award and nominations for two Grammy Awards.

She began her career as a child actress and model, first appearing in national television commercials. At the age of four, she landed the role of Hillary Winston on the short-lived CBS sitcom ''The Royal Family'' (1991–1992), earning a nomination for a Young Artist Award at age five. After a series of recurring television roles and then guest spots as a teenager, she got her breakthrough role in 2009 as lesbian cheerleader Santana Lopez on the Fox television series ''Glee'' (2009–2015). For the role, she received critical acclaim and various awards, including a SAG Award and ALMA Award, as well as earning nominations with the rest of the cast for two Grammy Awards and one Brit Award.

She was signed to Columbia Records as a solo musical artist in 2011 and – despite never releasing a studio album – released a single, " Sorry", in 2013. She won two ALMA Awards as a music artist. On the big screen, Rivera made her debut in the horror film ''At the Devil's Door'' (2014) before playing a supporting role in the comedy ''Mad Families'' (2017). Besides performing, Rivera championed various charitable causes, particularly for LGBT rights, immigrants' rights, and women's rights. She also spoke out against racism, especially in entertainment. Her personal life garnered significant press and media attention throughout her career, and in 2016 she published a memoir titled ''Sorry Not Sorry: Dreams, Mistakes, and Growing Up''. Because of her varied roles across her three decades as a performer, Rivera is seen as having been a vanguard of Afro-Latino and LGBT representation on television.

On July 8, 2020, Rivera drowned at Lake Piru, near Santa Clarita, California, while swimming with her four-year-old son. Following a five-day search, her body was recovered from the lake on the morning of July 13. At the time of her death, she was between seasons of the television series '' Step Up'', in which she played Collette Jones, the female lead.

Early life

Naya Marie Rivera was born in Valencia, California, on January 12, 1987. She was raised in Valencia and lived in or around Los Angeles for most of her life. She was of African-American, German, and Puerto Rican descent. When the term "Afro-Latinx" became widespread in the 2010s, she was often identified as such. Her mother, Yolanda Previtire (née White), is a real estate agent and former model, while her father, George Rivera, worked various IT jobs including positions at Disney and Universal Music. Her parents had married in 1986, but divorced in 1996, and her mother was remarried to Charles Previtire in 1999; Rivera was close with her stepfather, but did not really know her grandparents. Her maternal grandmother was Clara White, an abortion counselor and figure in the civil rights movement who was involved in the March on Washington, Selma to Montgomery marches, and 1968 Chicago riots, and who organized protests with and was represented by activist and lawyer Lloyd Barbee.

Rivera did not grow up speaking Spanish at home, but understood it and later learned to speak it. She was the oldest of three children: her younger brother is former NFL tight end Mychal Rivera (b. 1990), and her younger sister is runway model Nickayla Rivera (b. 1994). During the time her parents were married, the family's income would fluctuate dramatically, sometimes living lavishly and other times struggling; when they were in financial difficulty, Rivera approved the use of some of the money she earned as a child that was set aside in her Coogan account. The family owned a boat and often went boating when Rivera was a child; she still enjoyed boating as an adult and took many trips to Lake Piru near her home, which she considered a "sanctuary".

At 8 or 9 months old, Rivera began to be represented by the same talent agent as her mother, who had moved to Los Angeles to pursue modeling. Rivera was a fan of Michael Jackson from a young age and became friends with one of Jackson's nieces as a child actress on the audition circuit, visiting Neverland Ranch twice (though not with Jackson present). She also met Tupac Shakur as a child; he was a fan of her acting and went over to introduce himself after spotting her family at LAX. Rivera attended Valencia High School in Santa Clarita and graduated in 2005. Her mother had convinced her to join a choir in her freshman year, but she quit it after a few weeks because she was constantly overlooked for classmate Nazanin Mandi. She challenged Mandi to a sing-off for a solo, but Mandi declined and so Rivera left. She had wanted to be a cheerleader, but her family could not afford this. Instead of high school activities, Rivera spent her free time at acting auditions. She suffered with anorexia as a teenager, something she opened up about as an adult. In 2019, Rivera described her high school experience as "terrible", indicating at other times that part of this was her attitude towards education (compared to her career), the lack of coffee served there, and racism.

Career

1991–2008: ''The Royal Family'' and early career

Rivera appeared in commercials for Kmart as a baby, but her first significant acting job was at the age of four when she appeared as Hillary Winston on the CBS sitcom ''The Royal Family'' in 1991. As she could not read the scripts, she would learn her lines through recitation and memorize them. This skill stayed with her, as she was known for learning lines quickly and never messing up on set. The show received positive reviews and high ratings initially, but it was canceled soon after star Redd Foxx suffered a sudden heart attack on set, which Rivera witnessed. Rivera wrote that she and Foxx "were intergenerational BFFs from the moment heymet", and that she considered him like a grandfather. Watching Foxx die in front of her at a young age affected her for the rest of her life, particularly around filming season finales. Still, she said that on ''The Royal Family'' she "fell in love with being on TV"; she received a Young Artist Award nomination for her performance in the series.

As a child and teen actor between 1992 and 2002, Rivera was part of the golden age of black sitcoms, and had roles in ''The Fresh Prince of Bel-Air'', ''Family Matters'', ''The Jersey'', ''Live Shot'', ''Baywatch'', ''Smart Guy'', ''House Blend'', ''Even Stevens'' and ''The Master of Disguise''. In 2002, she also appeared in the music video for B2K's " Why I Love You". She then had a guest appearance on ''The Bernie Mac Show'' in 2002, before returning to the show for ten episodes throughout its five-season run. Growing up mixed-race in the entertainment industry, she found that her ethnicity could both help and stifle her opportunities: sometimes she found that she could not be typecast by casting directors because she "wasn't Black enough, or Latina enough" and struggled to get roles as either ethnicity, but has also said that she "could play a lot of different ethnicities, from just plain old dark-skinned white girl, to Latino, to African-American", broadening the roles she could audition for. This also concerned her, feeling that she may have been picked for modeling jobs to be the "ethnic girl". In 2016 she discussed how she still faced racism in casting at this point in her career, using the example of an audition where she was told that she lost the part to a white woman because "the size of erlips asdistracting to male execs", saying: "does she know that's racist? I'm Hispanic and black; you can't say that".

As she got older, she was featured in episodes of '' 8 Simple Rules'' and ''CSI: Miami''. She also recorded music as a teenager, with her father sneaking her into his workplace, and worked with Al B. Sure! at the age of fourteen. By this point, roles dried up and she was working less frequently. In between auditions and roles, Rivera worked jobs as a telemarketer, a nanny, and a greeter at an Abercrombie & Fitch store. In 2006 and 2007, she took part in a production of Mark E. Swinton's play, ''U Don't Know Me: The Musical'', both in Los Angeles and when the production was taken on national tour. She also auditioned for an unspecified season of ''American Idol'' during the San Francisco auditions, but was cut in the first round. In March 2008, Rivera began studying screenwriting at New York Film Academy, graduating the same year.

2009–2011: Breakthrough with ''Glee''

In 2009, Rivera was cast as Santana Lopez, a high school cheerleader, on Fox's musical comedy series ''Glee'', about a high school glee club. She auditioned for the opportunity "to sing, dance and act all in the same show", and because she was a fan of co-creator Ryan Murphy's previous work on ''Nip/Tuck''. She drew on her own high school experience of unpopularity to prepare for the role, as well as watching films including ''Mean Girls'' to "really get in the zone and feel like a bitchy sophomore". Rivera described her character Santana as "a bit of a bad girl" and "your typical high school cheerleader, for the most part", saying that she enjoyed playing Santana because she "always has these really witty one-liners she throws out there". The '' LA Times'' wrote that Rivera was "woefully underused for much of ''Glee'' first season", though Santana played a more prominent part in the last nine episodes of it; Rivera said at the time that "Santana's been wreaking havoc with people's boyfriends and people's babies and teachers – she's the high school terror, and she's going to continue to be the villain". Rivera kept her job as a nanny while working on the first three episodes of ''Glee'', not knowing if they would bring her back; Murphy was so impressed by her that he "convinced the network" to contract her at this point.

After having her screen time and musical involvement increased in the second half of the first season, Rivera was promoted to series regular as of the beginning of the second season, something said to be earned because her "magnetism on screen was undeniable". She was given her first solo in the fifth episode of season two, "The Rocky Horror Glee Show", and performed several others as the season progressed. During the second season, Rivera's role in the show was radically changed when it was revealed that her character was a lesbian. Rivera portrayed Santana struggling to come to terms with her sexuality, with her love for her best friend, and with her inability to come out of the closet. Rivera spoke about the development of this aspect of her character, saying that it was first thought up by the writers as a "funny little thing" for a quick punchline; the actress pushed for the sexuality and relationship to be taken seriously. She received favorable reviews for her performance, and is celebrated for the representation that Santana and her portrayal of the character provide: one feature on Rivera's legacy said that "in a landscape starved of representation, Santana was an oasis. A bold, well-rounded, hilarious woman of colour who was openly and unapologetically gay". In 2013, Santana's second season coming-out scene was described as "one of the hallmarks of the entire series". In relation to the show, Rivera was a guest mentor on ''The Glee Project'''s second season episode "Sexuality" and, in January 2011, appeared in a Funny or Die parody of "Nuthin' but a 'G' Thang", called "Nuthin' But a Glee Thang", which had been co-written by her ''Glee'' co-star Heather Morris. Rivera and Morris played girlfriends and ultimately wives on the show; Rivera said that the pair were comfortable filming intimate scenes, but that these became awkward because "all the guys wanted to visit the set". They remained close friends for the rest of Rivera's life.

In 2011, Rivera won her first ALMA Award, as Favorite Female Music Artist; she won two more in 2012, in the categories of Favorite TV Actress – Leading Role in a Comedy and Female Music Artist. She received a great amount of critical praise for both her acting and her singing performances in the latter part of season two and the beginning of season three of ''Glee''. As 2011 ended, she or her character were on many "Best Of" lists, including HitFix's 25 Breakout Stars of 2011, ''TV Guide'' Best Performances of 2011, and MTV's Best TV Characters of 2011 – in 2020, Santana appeared on the Thrillist list of the 100 Greatest TV Characters of the 21st Century, ranking at number 85 and the only ''Glee'' character included. In the third season, Rivera's character Santana was outed and began to publicly accept her sexuality, giving Rivera more complex and emotional storylines. She also performed a duet with Ricky Martin, and worked with Gloria Estefan, who was cast as Santana's mother. Estefan said that she studied Rivera's performance as inspiration for her own character, explaining: "I already knew antanawas very sarcastic, but healso has a heart, ..So her mother had to be tough as nails, but with that little sarcastic edge", while also being supportive. Discussing Emmy nominations in 2012, ''Collider'' said that Rivera was "arguably the only bright spot" of the season. '' Study Breaks'' highlighted that while Santana had impactful storylines about her sexuality, she strayed from the "popular trope" of queer characters being defined by their queerness, as "she also stars in many other storylines in the show. The writers of ''Glee'' make it abundantly clear that Santana is a lesbian, but she is also a fierce, motivated dreamer who loves and loses like everyone else", with the article adding that her "firm sense of self goes beyond her race and sexuality".

As the 64th Primetime Emmy Awards approached in 2012, Rivera was listed by many critics and media outlets as deserving of a nomination; ''The Hollywood Reporter'' included her in their "Emmys 2012: Supporting Players" photoshoot, the annual class photo of the 25 top contenders across the various Supporting performance categories, and she was honored by media outlets like E!, HitFix, and ''TV Guide''. She was chosen by the Television Academy to host the "Countdown to the Emmys" video for the upcoming awards ceremony, a video introduction to each year's ceremony that is watched by an estimated 25 million people. For the awards, Rivera submitted the ''Glee'' episode "Mash Off" for consideration in the Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Comedy Series category – an episode that had generated much Emmy buzz – because it "was so well rounded. 'Glee'' isa comedy but healso got to show off some dramatic aspects of the character" in it. Despite this, Rivera was not nominated for an Emmy in 2012, nor in her lifetime, with the media generally considering this a snub; ''The Daily Beast'' argued that she and other actors were overlooked because of their characters being young, while in 2020 criticism was leveled at the Television Academy for years of Latin under-representation at the Emmys.

2012–2014: Musical solo debut and film debut

Rivera remained in a principal role on ''Glee'' in its fourth and fifth seasons from 2012 to 2014. While working on the later seasons of ''Glee'', Rivera undertook other projects. In May 2011, it was announced that she had signed a deal with Columbia Records to produce a solo album; she said she had "been waiting for this day ever since hewas a little girl" and that "it's always been erdream to release erown music". In 2012, the musical duo 2Cellos released the second single to their second album, a cover of Muse's "Supermassive Black Hole" featuring vocals by Rivera. She also starred in the music video for the song. Rivera and 2Cellos had first met and worked together with Grant Gustin for a song featured on ''Glee'', with the cellists thinking that Rivera's "sexy voice" would be perfect for their Muse cover. At a point in the early production of the 2012 movie adaptation of ''The Hunger Games'', Rivera had been considered for the role of Katniss Everdeen, a part she did not get, and was later a favorite to be cast as Johanna Mason in the sequel ''Catching Fire'', a role she said she "would love to play".

When the fourth season of ''Glee'' went into production, Rivera expressed a desire for more of her character's family to be shown and for her to have more Spanish dialogue to "really celebrate the culture", saying that there should be more Latin characters; as it began airing she said that Santana was "in limbo" and directionless. ''Vulture'' said that Rivera was "the best part of he fourth season even if she hasn't been in every episode"; Santana's stories included breaking up with Morris' character Brittany and moving to New York City. In the summer of 2013, ''Complex'' described her as "the biggest star on the how with her own "cult-like fan base". Production of the fifth season of ''Glee'' was briefly postponed following the death of actor Cory Monteith as it was due to begin filming in July 2013; Rivera was close to Monteith and provided a statement that said he "always will be a part of erown family", as well as leading a moment of silence for him at the Giffoni Film Festival on July 24, 2013. In the fifth season, Santana embarks on a new relationship with Demi Lovato's character Dani before returning to Brittany, though Rivera did not appear in the season finale.

Rivera's debut single " Sorry", featuring rapper Big Sean, was released as a digital download on September 17, 2013. While her most popular performances on ''Glee'' were softer ballads, she chose to write "something a little more glossy and soulful" for her own music and worked with her own team, including ''Glee'' drummer John Lock, rather than go with Columbia's suggestions; she said she told the label: "This is what I'm doing. Get on or get off. I think Sorry"is a summer song, and I want it on the radio by the end of the summer". The single quickly reached the top 40 on the ''Billboard'' Rhythmic chart and the top 10 of the iTunes download chart. However, production on the album "kind of halted" due to "so many things going on". Rivera said: "Politics got involved so I've been putting it on the back burner". During this period she starred in an M&Ms commercial titled "Love Ballad" that aired during Super Bowl XLVII on February 3, 2013, as the girlfriend of the anthropomorphic "Red" M&M character, and voiced a rebellious reindeer character called Sparkle in the 2013 Christmas movie ''The Naughty List'', for which she won a voice acting award.

''At the Devil's Door'', Rivera's debut feature film, in which she played the lead role of Vera, premiered at the South by Southwest Film Festival in Austin, Texas, on March 9, 2014. The film has been described by its director, Nicholas McCarthy, as "a unique kind of genre film I think, almost like a Rubik's Cube of a horror movie". Rivera explained that "there wasn't much screaming. It's not a jumpy film." The film was released through video on demand on August 8, 2014, and theatrically released on September 12, 2014. It continued to play at festivals, receiving mixed reviews. Rivera's acting, however, received praise. Edgar Chaput of ''Sound on Sight'' called Rivera "the standout ndthe most natural performance in the film", and Marsha McCreadie of ''Film Journal'' wrote that the film "doesn't pick up steam until late in the story, when Rivera carries the narrative". ''Diabolique'' magazine's Jeremy Kibler wrote: "Coming primarily from a TV background and fun to watch ..the eye-grabbing Naya Rivera adjusts to the big screen with ease in front of the camera. Her Vera is headstrong and rigid but cut with just the right amount of vulnerability".

On May 1, 2014, it was reported that Columbia had dropped Rivera because her debut single had underperformed, but Rivera's representative released a statement to news outlets stating that such claims were false, and they may pursue legal action to ensure Rivera's creditability. Rivera subsequently worked on a project with Guillermo Díaz, directing a short film PSA about the effect of immigration on children and their parents. Díaz's part of the project focuses on telling the stories of young DREAMers and the fear they have of their mothers being deported, and Rivera's part explores the culture of immigrants in the United States. The film is visually very stylized, and incorporates 360-degree shots. Rivera told ''Buzzfeed'' at the time that "immigration shows how beautiful America is as a country, how diverse it is ..it's what you get when you have different cultures in one place. If everybody thought that way, mmigrationwould be more of a no-brainer".

2015–2020: Return to television

In 2015, Rivera portrayed the recurring role of Blanca Alvarez in the third season of Lifetime's drama series ''Devious Maids'', and from 2014 to 2015 was a recurring guest host of '' The View''. She appeared in the final season of ''Glee'' in 2015, but had asked for her role to be reduced so that she could focus on other work. She was initially set to only host a few episodes of ''The View'', but her appearances all produced "soundbites that have gone viral" and gave the show a boost on social media; it was reported that the producers were considering "bigger plans" for Rivera before she was made a more regular guest host. Rivera was the first person considered for the role of Blanca on ''Devious Maids'', as the producers were "very interested in having a name actress play the role"; they initially did not really think that Rivera would be interested. Showrunner Brian Tanen described the character as "pivotal". Mitchel Broussard for ''We Got This Covered'' said that she was "maybe hemost interesting" part of the season, and that her storyline "oozed the show's telenovela origins". Rivera was also working on music with Gloria Estefan around this time after having met on ''Glee''; Rivera's pregnancy "sidetracked" this partnership and they did not produce anything.

Rivera wrote a memoir called ''Sorry Not Sorry: Dreams, Mistakes, and Growing Up'', published in September 2016, which was something she had decided to do while hosting ''The View'' and being suddenly struck when an audience member asked her what it was like to be a role model, feeling that she was in Santana's shadow. She decided to reveal more about her life and choices so that she could better feel like she deserved the title. Jarett Wieselman of '' BuzzFeed News'' wrote at the time of its release that the book was important to Rivera because "she was very pregnant when ''Glee'' ended, so it was basically impossible to capitalize on the show's momentum", but she could still write. After the birth of her son, Josey, in September 2015, Rivera chose to take some time off acting to spend with him because of the disruptive lifestyle that comes with filming for television. She returned with a secondary character role in another film, ''Mad Families'', in 2017. The film focuses on three families – one white, one Latino, and one African-American – being forced together on a camping trip, with Rivera's "peacemaker" character Felipa being involved with both the Latino and Black families. In 2018, she auditioned for the role of Anita in the 2021 remake of ''West Side Story'' with the song "America", a song and role that she had performed on ''Glee''.

Rivera was announced as part of the cast for the YouTube Red series '' Step Up: High Water'' in 2017, taking the leading role of school administrator and dance instructor Collette Jones, alongside Ne-Yo and Faizon Love. The show's executive producer, Adam Shankman, had directed Rivera in the ''Glee'' episode "The Rocky Horror Glee Show" and helped her prepare for her first solo in it. He said that Rivera took the leading role in ''Step Up'' as "a favor" to him before becoming "the mother of hewhole cast" and the show's "North Star". Showrunner Holly Sorensen recalled that Collette was one of the last characters to be cast; Shankman called Rivera as soon as she was discussed for the role and Rivera was immediately enthusiastic. Rivera said during the second season that the show felt like home in the way making ''Glee'' did. The series moved to Starz in May 2020, and Rivera was announced to be continuing her role; at the time, the third season was in production, but no timetable for its release was given. Of the renewal, Sorensen said Rivera was "more excited than she's ever been for a season of TV". After Rivera's death, ''Deadline'' reported that the third season would be rewritten, but "not right away" as the cast and crew took time away to process the loss.

In 2019, it had been reported that the comic '' Batman: The Long Halloween'' was being adapted into a two-part animated movie for DC Universe Animated Original Movies, with Rivera voicing Catwoman. The first part was released on June 22, 2021, and is dedicated in her memory.

Public image

During her career, Rivera appeared on the covers of several magazines, including ''Cosmopolitan'', ''Maxim'', ''Rolling Stone'', ''FHM'', ''Complex'', '' Glow'', ''Prestige'', ''The Hollywood Reporter'', '' Cosmo for Latinas,'' ''Latina, Fit Pregnancy and Baby'' and ''Galore''. She was highly ranked on various magazines' most attractive lists. She made the Maxim Hot 100 list in 2010, 2011, and 2012, being ranked number 27 in 2012. For two years, in 2011 and 2012, she was ranked at number one on AfterEllen.com's "Hot 100" list, ranking at number three in 2013. In 2012 she was selected by ''People en Español'' for their 50 Most Beautiful list, and was listed on ''FHMs 100 Sexiest Women list, coming in at number 39. In May 2013, she posed nude in an issue of ''Allure'' magazine.

Rivera was named one of ''The Hollywood Reporter'''s 35 under 35 Latinos in Entertainment in September 2012, and in October 2012 she was featured in the third episode of MTV's series ''This Is How I Made It''. In the episode, Rivera recounted her childhood career as an actress and a model, as well as the lean times that came between the age of 16 and 21, leading up to her big break when cast on ''Glee''. In 2013, ''Complex'' described her as "the rarest of Hollywood types: a young starlet who's genuinely down-to-earth." In December 2011 she was named a celebrity spokesperson for Proactiv, and became a brand ambassador for hair loss solution brand NIOXIN in March 2017, after experiencing hair loss after giving birth.

Representation and legacy

With her diverse acting roles, Rivera is seen as having been one of the earliest, most prominent, and most profound examples of both Afro-Latino representation and queer Latinx (as Santana in ''Glee'') representation on prime time television. Rivera has been described as a gay icon and "a true icon for all black and brown girls". In 2011, the president of GLAAD said that Rivera's storyline as Santana was "one that hasn't been told on a prime-time network television show at that level, particularly by an LGBT teen of color". Multiple scholarly works were written during Rivera's lifetime focusing on the important changes that, particularly, her portrayal of Santana brought to television with non-stereotypical stories in relation to race and sexuality – including a novel coming out story and relationship, ''Latinidad'', and not being explicitly black- or white- coded – as well as being a minority involved in main storylines not focused on such identities. In her 2013 chapter of one such work, Isabel Molina-Guzmán added that Rivera played "the first lesbian Latina on primetime television nd thus washonored for her compassionate and complex representation".

In industry tributes after her death, NBC wrote that Rivera " edefinedqueer and Afro-Latino representation on TV"; Lionsgate wrote that her "remarkable contributions to our industry created a lasting memory"; Digital Spy said that "Naya Rivera's impact was nothing short of groundbreaking"; and ''NME'' called her a "trailblazer holeaves behind an enormously powerful legacy". Erika Abad, a professor of Gender and sexuality studies and scholar of Latinx studies, wrote that "Naya Rivera's characters provided solidarity and visibility, ercareer nddiverse roles howcasethe demand to support and build upon Afro-Latinx storylines". Similarly, ''Esquire'' wrote that "in such a short time, Rivera managed to shape a landscape and be part of measurable change".

Various journalists and television creatives wrote that Rivera merely appearing on-screen as an Afro-Latina was impactful, before the representation grew as her character Santana developed. Refinery29's Ariana Romero elaborated on the impact of Rivera appearing on television with her darker skin tone, noting that, even in 2020, shows with prominent Afro-Latinx performers – with the exception of ''Pose'' – are mostly canceled after one season, and that other queer Latinx characters exist as "one extremely restrictive vision" in which they "are all fairer-skinned" and have personalities that fit a stereotypical mold, while "Santana looks nothing like these ther characters She acts like them even less". ''Ms.'' noted that though there was much more queer representation by 2020, Rivera's push for Santana's relationship to be handled well marks the character as "one of the few lesbian characters to ultimately have a happy ending". A BBC
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